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Atherosclerosis （AS） is a chronic inflammatory pathological process in which lipid and/or fibrous substances are deposited in the intima of arteries， and it is one of the pathological bases of many cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Endoplasmic reticulum stress （ERS） is a protective mechanism of cell adaptation. Moderate ERS can reduce abnormal protein aggregation and increase the degradation of misfolded proteins to repair and stabilize the internal environment， while excessive ERS can cause unfolded protein reaction， activate inflammation， oxidative stress， apoptosis， autophagy， and other downstream pathways， and lead to cell damage， or even apoptosis. A large number of studies have shown that ERS mediates a variety of pathological processes related to AS， affects endothelial cells， smooth muscle cells， macrophages， endothelial progenitor cells， and other cell components closely related to its occurrence and development， influences the progress of AS by regulating cell function， and promotes the formation of AS plaque， the transformation of stable plaque to unstable plaque， and the rupture of unstable plaque. Regulation of ERS may be a key target for the prevention and treatment of AS， and it is a research hotspot at present. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） believes that the origin of AS is the imbalance of Yin and Yang， the disharmony of Zangfu organs， and the abnormal operation of Qi， blood， and body fluid， which leads to the accumulation of phlegm， blood stasis， and other pathological products in the pulse channels， making the blood flow blocked or misfunction and causing the disease， which belongs to the syndrome of deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality. As the pathogenesis of AS is complex， and the symptoms are diverse， TCM has significant advantages in treating AS because of its multiple targets， multiple pathways， stable efficacy， strong individualization， and high safety. This paper systematically elaborated on the role of ERS in the occurrence and development of AS and summarized the mechanism research on the regulation and control of ERS by Chinese herbal monomer， Chinese herbal extract， Chinese herbal compound， and proprietary medicine， so as to provide a theoretical basis for clinical research and drug development in the prevention and treatment of AS.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the risk factors for antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) in Chinese adult patients systematically,and to provide evidence-based reference in clinic. METHODS:Retrieved from CNKI,VIP,CBM,Wanfang database,PubMed and Embase,etc.,disease control studies about AAD risk factors of Chinese adult patients were collected.The retrieval time limit ranged from Jan. 2000 to Jan. 2018. Meta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man 5.2 software after data extraction and quality evaluation of included literatures with NOS scale. RESULTS:A total of 14 literatures were included, involving 20 914 patients. The result of Meta-analysis showed that age ≥65 years [OR＝2.36,95%CI(1.99,2.79),P＜0.001], fasting [OR＝4.65,95%CI(3.79,5.69),P＜0.001],use of acid suppressant [OR＝5.82,95%CI(3.77,8.98),P＜0.001],serum albumin ≤30 g/L [OR＝2.40,95%CI(2.00,2.88),P＜0.001],invasive operation [OR＝3.95,95%CI(3.03,5.15),P＜0.001], stay in ICU [OR＝2.93,95%CI(2.38,3.60),P＜0.001],hospitalization time ≥10 d [OR＝4.08,95%CI(3.31,5.03),P＜0.001], antibiotic species ≥3 kinds [OR＝1.98,95%CI(1.56,2.51),P＜0.001] and duration of antibiotics use ≥10 d [OR＝6.16,95%CI (3.22,11.76),P＜0.001] were significantly correlated with the occurrence of AAD. CONCLUSIONS:Age ≥65 years,fasting, use of acid suppressant,serum albumin ≤30 g/L,invasive operation,stay in ICU,time of hospitalization ≥10 d,antibiotic species≥3 kinds and duration of antibiotics use≥10 d are risk factors for AAD in Chinese adult patients.
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Objective To understand the abnormal status of alanine aminotransferase (ALT),fasting blood glucose (GLU),to-tal cholesterol (TC)and triglyceride (TG)in urban and rural residents,to provide the basis for making the effective prevention measures,health education and health promotion to community work more targeted and effective.Methods The data of physical ex-amination results of 4 042 residents were analyzed retrospectively,the levels and abnormal rates of ALT,TG,TC,GLU were com-pared between different gender and age.Results Among 4 042 residents,the abnormal rate of male was significant higher than that of female,but the abnormal rates of TG,TC of female were significant higher than those of male(P <0.05).The highest rates of ALT,TG,TC,GLU in male were in 20-<40 years old,40-<60 years old,60-<80 years old,≥80 years old.The highest rates of ALT,TG,TC,GLU in female were in 0-<20 years old,60 -<80 years old,≥ 80 years old,≥80years old.Conclusion The health status of urban and rural residents is not optimistic,the community intervention,health guidance should be strengthened to prevent and control the occurrence and development of diseases and improve the health level of urban and rural residents.
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Objective To investigate the clilic effects of the compound danshen diwan in menopause women with ST changes and angina.Methods56 menopause women with ST changes and angina were randomly divided into two groups,a controlled group(n=28)with base medicine treatment and a observed group(n=28)with the compound danshen diwan.The change of vasodilation endothelium functon and symptom relief were oberved before and after treatment in all patients.ResultsVasodilation endothelium functon were improved markedly in the observed group while the controlled group had no significantly changes;Meanwhile,the clinic relief rates of the observed group was markedly superor to that of controlled group.ConclusionThe compound danshen diwan would have a positive effect in menopause women with ST changes and angina.